There is now substantial evidence of two anatomically and physiologically distinct pathways through primate striate and extra-striate visual cortex. These pathways have been labelled the """"""""motion"""""""" and """"""""color and form"""""""" pathways, suggesting a detailed knowledge of their individual functions and interactions. However, to date, there is little direct evidence either of the role these pathways play in visual perception, or of their strict independence. The studies proposed here are designed to determine the functional role of these separate pathways in primates by measuring visual loss resulting from damage to one or the other of them. The """"""""motion"""""""" pathway will be damaged in one study by lesions of cortical area V2, which will interrupt one of the major projections to area MT, and in a later study by inactivation of MT and/or MST. The :color and form"""""""" pathway will be damaged at an early stage in its cortical path by lesions of area V2, and in a separate experiment, by lesions of area V4 itself. Lesions will be produced by localized injections of ibotenic acid into visual field specific regions determined by physiological mapping. Visual thresholds will then be tested during controlled fixation in the visual field locations that correspond to these injections. 1. The first group of studies will assess the effects of V2 lesions on visual capacities basic to both color and motion perception. Visual acuity, luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity, color matching, and speed and direction difference thresholds will be measured. 2. A second group of studies will examine the role of visual area V4 in the processing of color information. It is expected that removal of this area should disrupt higher level but not simpler aspects of color perception. This hypothesis will be evaluated by testing both basic capacities (luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity) and more complex abilities (color matching) within the visual field locus corresponding to the lesion. 3. A third set of studies will examine the effect of lesions of visual areas MT and MST on the perception of visual motion. Again both basic (opposite direction discrimination and velocity difference thresholds) and higher level (direction difference thresholds and manipulations of direction coherence and noise masking in dynamic dot patterns) capabilities will be tested. An additional group of studies will be conducted to compare transitory visual effects of MT and MST lesions with permanent effects.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY008898-04
Application #
2162562
Study Section
Visual Sciences B Study Section (VISB)
Project Start
1991-08-01
Project End
1996-07-31
Budget Start
1994-08-01
Budget End
1995-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
208469486
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Hayes, Randall D; Merigan, William H (2007) Mechanisms of Sensitivity Loss due to Visual Cortex Lesions in Humans and Macaques. Cereb Cortex 17:1117-28
Merigan, W H (2000) Cortical area V4 is critical for certain texture discriminations, but this effect is not dependent on attention. Vis Neurosci 17:949-58
Huxlin, K R; Saunders, R C; Marchionini, D et al. (2000) Perceptual deficits after lesions of inferotemporal cortex in macaques. Cereb Cortex 10:671-83
Huxlin, K R; Merigan, W H (1998) Deficits in complex visual perception following unilateral temporal lobectomy. J Cogn Neurosci 10:395-407
Merigan, W H; Pham, H A (1998) V4 lesions in macaques affect both single- and multiple-viewpoint shape discriminations. Vis Neurosci 15:359-67
Merigan, W; Freeman, A; Meyers, S P (1997) Parallel processing streams in human visual cortex. Neuroreport 8:3985-91
Merigan, W H (1996) Basic visual capacities and shape discrimination after lesions of extrastriate area V4 in macaques. Vis Neurosci 13:51-60
Merigan, W H; Maunsell, J H (1993) How parallel are the primate visual pathways? Annu Rev Neurosci 16:369-402