The transition to high school contains major social stressors and coincides with a sharp increase in depression and other internalizing symptoms. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to identify effective universal preventative interventions for depression and other internalizing disorders among high school students. The proposed research integrates theories and methods across social, developmental, clinical, and biological psychology to address this gap in knowledge. This research focuses on the underlying beliefs or implicit theories that affect reactions to stressful social environments. An entity theory of personality is the belief that people do not have the potential to change. It is known to lead to maladaptive reactions in the wake of social stressors, such as the conclusion that one is a loser or not likable. By contrast, an incremental theory is the belief that people have the potential to change. It has been found to facilitate more hopeful interpretations that social stressors can improve. Preliminary published research with multiple independent samples (N =599) has found that an efficient, but well-timed and highly-persuasive, self-administered intervention to teach adolescents an incremental theory of personality can prevent increases in depressive symptoms over the first year of high school by 40%, nine months post-intervention. However, it is important to estimate the size of this effect in large (N 2,000), heterogeneous samples (Aim 1a). With an eye toward improving theory and the intervention, the proposed research will also identify students who benefit the most (or least) from the incremental theory message (Aim 1b). Finally, daily-diary (Aim 2) and laboratory stress (Aim 3) methods will identify the principle mediating social-cognitive, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular reactions that are implicated in the treatment effects. All hypotheses have received support in preliminary data. The incremental theory intervention has reduced cortisol over a week and immediate cardiovascular threat responses to social evaluative stressors in the laboratory. In summary, this research aims to use large samples to provide needed evidence about the use of an incremental theory intervention to prevent internalizing symptoms that accompany the transition to high school, and uncover social-cognitive and biological mechanisms.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research will test whether a self-administered, web-based module teaching an incremental theory of personality during the critical and often stressful transition to high school can ameliorate or prevent stress-evoked internalizing symptoms in a large, heterogeneous adolescent sample. This research has the potential to validate a preventative intervention that could be scaled at near-zero cost to large numbers of adolescents making the transition to high school.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD084772-04
Application #
9521390
Study Section
Social Psychology, Personality and Interpersonal Processes Study Section (SPIP)
Program Officer
Esposito, Layla E
Project Start
2015-08-14
Project End
2020-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Austin
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
170230239
City
Austin
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78759
Lee, Hae Yeon; Jamieson, Jeremy P; Miu, Adriana S et al. (2018) An Entity Theory of Intelligence Predicts Higher Cortisol Levels When High School Grades Are Declining. Child Dev :
Dainer-Best, Justin; Lee, Hae Yeon; Shumake, Jason D et al. (2018) Determining optimal parameters of the self-referent encoding task: A large-scale examination of self-referent cognition and depression. Psychol Assess 30:1527-1540
Yeager, David S; Dahl, Ronald E; Dweck, Carol S (2018) Why Interventions to Influence Adolescent Behavior Often Fail but Could Succeed. Perspect Psychol Sci 13:101-122
Yeager, David S (2017) Dealing with Social Difficulty During Adolescence: The Role of Implicit Theories of Personality. Child Dev Perspect 11:196-201
Bryan, Christopher J; Yeager, David S; Hinojosa, Cintia P et al. (2016) Harnessing adolescent values to motivate healthier eating. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:10830-5
Yeager, David S; Romero, Carissa; Paunesku, Dave et al. (2016) Using Design Thinking to Improve Psychological Interventions: The Case of the Growth Mindset During the Transition to High School. J Educ Psychol 108:374-391
Yeager, David S; Lee, Hae Yeon; Jamieson, Jeremy P (2016) How to Improve Adolescent Stress Responses: Insights From Integrating Implicit Theories of Personality and Biopsychosocial Models. Psychol Sci 27:1078-91