The long-term objective of this project is to obtain an understanding of the mechanism of ion translocation by the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump at the molecular and physical-chemical level. The Na+/K+ pump is present in the surface membrane of nearly all animal cells, where it provides the predominant link between the cell's metabolic production of ATP and the maintenance of the Na+ ion and K+ ion electrochemical gradients. These gradients, in turn, underlie membrane potentials and electrical activity of both non-excitable and excitable cells and numerous Na+-coupled co- and counter-transport processes. The objective will be achieved by making measurements of steady-state and transient currents of radioisotopic unidirectional fluxes mediated by the Na+/K+ pump in its various models, and measurements of acid-induced, ATP- dependent, Na+/K+ pump-mediated (ouabain-sensitive) single-channel currents with six different voltage clamp techniques: 1) two- microelectrode voltage clamp of intact Xenopus oocytes, 2) cut-open oocytes, 3) patch clamp of oocytes, 4)reconstitution of oocyte vesicles in lipid bilayers, 5) simultaneous current and flux measurements in internally-dialyzed giant axons from squid, and 6) ultra-fast voltage clamp of pre-steady-state transient currents in internally dialyzed squid giant axons. The experimental plan is to exploit the strengths of each of these techniques: the intact oocyte for its stability, wide accessible voltage range, ease of external solution change, and convenience as a heterologous expression system; the cut-open oocyte for its high-speed voltage control and ease of cytoplasmic solution change; the patch clamp and bilayer techniques for their ability to resolve single channel current, and the squid axon for the ability to control both internal and external solutions, and to simultaneously measure radiotracer flux and voltage-clamp current, as well as the ability to produce ultra-fast voltage steps. The two specific aims of the project are: 1) to investigate the charge translocating steps in the reaction cycle of the Na+/K+ pump by measurements of pre-steady transient currents in Xenopus oocytes and squid giant axons to test the hypothesis that the transient currents reflect the sequential deocclusion and release of 3 Na+ ions to the extracellular side of the enzyme, and 2) to investigate the properties of acid-induced, ouabain-sensitive steady- state and single-channel current in oocyte membranes in K+-free solutions to test the hypothesis that a titrable amino acid is necessary for the maintenance of the Na+-occluded state of the Na+/K+ pump.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS022979-16
Application #
6151540
Study Section
Physiology Study Section (PHY)
Program Officer
Talley, Edmund M
Project Start
1985-05-01
Project End
2000-08-31
Budget Start
2000-02-01
Budget End
2000-08-31
Support Year
16
Fiscal Year
2000
Total Cost
$64,381
Indirect Cost
Name
Rosalind Franklin University
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
069501252
City
North Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60064
Potvin, Olivier; Dieumegarde, Louis; Duchesne, Simon et al. (2017) Freesurfer cortical normative data for adults using Desikan-Killiany-Tourville and ex vivo protocols. Neuroimage 156:43-64
Ding, Yanli; Hao, Jingping; Rakowski, Robert F (2011) Effects of oligomycin on transient currents carried by Na+ translocation of Bufo Na+/K(+)-ATPase expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Membr Biol 243:35-46
Ding, Yanli; Rakowski, Robert F (2010) The effect of holding potential on charge translocation by the Na+/K +-ATPase in the absence of potassium. J Membr Biol 236:203-14
Guennoun-Lehmann, Saida; Fonseca, James E; Horisberger, Jean-Daniel et al. (2007) Palytoxin acts on Na(+),K (+)-ATPase but not nongastric H(+),K (+)-ATPase. J Membr Biol 216:107-16
Rakowski, R F; Artigas, Pablo; Palma, Francisco et al. (2007) Sodium flux ratio in Na/K pump-channels opened by palytoxin. J Gen Physiol 130:41-54
Fonseca, J; Kaya, S; Guennoun, S et al. (2007) Temporal Analysis of Valence &Electrostatics in Ion-Motive Sodium Pump. J Comput Electron 6:381-385
Holmgren, Miguel; Rakowski, Robert F (2006) Charge translocation by the Na+/K+ pump under Na+/Na+ exchange conditions: intracellular Na+ dependence. Biophys J 90:1607-16
Rakowski, Robert F; Kaya, Savas; Fonseca, James (2005) Electro-Chemical Modeling Challenges of Biological Ion Pumps. J Comput Electron 4:189-193
Vasilyev, A; Khater, K; Rakowski, R F (2004) Effect of extracellular pH on presteady-state and steady-state current mediated by the Na+/K+ pump. J Membr Biol 198:65-76
Vasilyev, A; Indyk, E; Rakowski, R F (2002) Properties of a sodium channel (Na(x)) activated by strong depolarization of Xenopus oocytes. J Membr Biol 185:237-47

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