of Work: 1) We examined the association between menstrual and reproductive factors and ischemic heart disease in a cohort of 867 white, college educated women who prospectively recorded menstrual cycle data for at least 5 years from their early 20's through their menopause. The analysis included 44,899 person-years and 45 cases of myocardial infarction, angioplasty, heart bypass surgery, or IHD-related mortality, with a median age at occurrence of 65 (range 36-75) years. IHD risk decreased with increasing age at menarche (age-adjusted risk ratio, RR, 0.76 per year, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.60-0.95). Considering menstrual cycle characteristics ages 28-32, there was no linear association with length, variability, or bleeding duration. IHD risk appeared increased with a later age at first pregnancy (age-adjusted RR 2.49 for ages $ 33 compared to 25-29), first birth (age-adjusted RR 2.90), and age at last birth (age-adjusted RR 3.79 for ages $ 40 compared to 35-39), but there was no association with high parity. 2)We analyzed data from 4 case-control studies pertaining to ovarian cancer risk in relation to pregnancy history: 628 cases and 3432 controls, ages 18-79, were included. An early age at first pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval (1.05 - 1.82) for ages # 19 compared to $ 25). Pregnancy recency, as measured by years since last pregnancy, was also associated with increased ovarian cancer risk, with odds ratios of 1.41, 1.43, 1.75, and 2.09 for 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, and $ 25 years compared to 0-9 years (trend test p = 0.004), respectively. These observations support the results from a previous study, and raise additional questions about the role of pregnancy in the etiology of ovarian cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Intramural Research (Z01)
Project #
1Z01ES049026-02
Application #
6106689
Study Section
Epidemiology and Biometry Training Committee (EB)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1998
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
City
State
Country
United States
Zip Code
Farr, Sherry L; Cai, Jianwen; Savitz, David A et al. (2006) Pesticide exposure and timing of menopause: the Agricultural Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 163:731-42
Cooper, Glinda S; Klebanoff, Mark A; Promislow, Joanne et al. (2005) Polychlorinated biphenyls and menstrual cycle characteristics. Epidemiology 16:191-200
Cooper, Glinda S; Longnecker, Matthew P; Peters, Ruth K (2004) Ovarian cancer risk and use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 13:35-9
Farr, S L; Cooper, G S; Cai, J et al. (2004) Pesticide use and menstrual cycle characteristics among premenopausal women in the Agricultural Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 160:1194-204
Brett, Kate M; Cooper, Glinda S (2003) Associations with menopause and menopausal transition in a nationally representative US sample. Maturitas 45:89-97
Cooper, Glinda S; Savitz, David A; Millikan, Robert et al. (2002) Organochlorine exposure and age at natural menopause. Epidemiology 13:729-33
Cooper, Glinda S (2002) Hormone replacement following early menopause. JAMA 288:2824-5; author reply 2825
Cooper, G S; Ephross, S A; Sandler, D P (2000) Menstrual patterns and risk of adult-onset diabetes mellitus. J Clin Epidemiol 53:1170-3
Cooper, G S; Longnecker, M P; Sandler, D P et al. (2000) Risk of ovarian cancer in relation to use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives. Br J Cancer 83:404-6
Chie, W C; Hsieh, C; Newcomb, P A et al. (2000) Age at any full-term pregnancy and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 151:715-22

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