The overall objective of this proposal is to understand better how some of the variables such as taste and signals arising from the gastrointestinal tract interact during a meal to determine its size. The experimental approach used here measures the rate of occurrence of the rhythmic tongue movements that occur in rats when they are ingesting liquid diets. This approach allows the investigator to examine how the pattern of this licking behavior changes from the beginning of the meal to the end, and, thus to track the influence of variables that come into play at different times during the meal to modify its size. The use of this method has led to the discovery that meal size is controlled in part by a mechanism dependent upon an association between taste of the test diet and its post gastric consequences. This inhibition is revealed as a progressive increase in the rate of ingestion early in a meal when rats are given experience ingesting a liquid diet that does not stimulate the post gastric compartment. The end result is a significant increase in the size of the meals.
The aims of this proposal are to study this phenomenon in detail to attempt to determine the nature of the post gastric signal(s) and the pathway or pathways by which this information is conveyed to the central nervous system. This will be achieved by manipulating post gastric stimulation independent of that the animal is eating and by severing some of the afferent pathways from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. An understanding of the types of signals that participate in the normal control of the amount of food that is ingested in a meal and their mode of action in normal animals is essential to a better understanding of the pathologies such as anorexia and bulemia that can occur and to a better understanding of the problem of obesity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK041563-07
Application #
2141815
Study Section
Biopsychology Study Section (BPO)
Project Start
1990-05-01
Project End
1996-04-30
Budget Start
1995-05-01
Budget End
1996-04-30
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
1995
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
201373169
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
Davis, John D; Smith, Gerard P; McCann, D P (2002) The control of water and sodium chloride intake by postingestional and orosensory stimulation in water-deprived rats. Physiol Behav 75:7-14
Davis, J D; Smith, G P; Singh, B et al. (2001) The impact of sucrose-derived unconditioned and conditioned negative feedback on the microstructure of ingestive behavior. Physiol Behav 72:393-402
Kochavi, D; Davis, J D; Smith, G P (2001) Corticotropin-releasing factor decreases meal size by decreasing cluster number in Koletsky (LA/N) rats with and without a null mutation of the leptin receptor. Physiol Behav 74:645-51
Davis, J D; Smith, G P; Singh, B et al. (2000) The impact of milk-derived unconditioned and conditioned negative feedback on the microstructure of ingestive behavior. Physiol Behav 70:279-85
Davis, J D; Smith, G P; Singh, B (2000) Type of negative feedback controlling sucrose ingestion depends on sucrose concentration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278:R383-9
Davis, J D; Breslin, P A (2000) A behavioral analysis of the ingestion of glucose, maltose and maltooligosaccharide by rats. Physiol Behav 69:477-85
Davis, J D; Smith, G P; Singh, B et al. (1999) Increase in intake with sham feeding experience is concentration dependent. Am J Physiol 277:R565-71
Davis, J D; Smith, G P; Singh, B (1999) A microstructural analysis of the control of water and isotonic saline ingestion by postingestional stimulation. Physiol Behav 66:543-8
Davis, J D (1999) Some new developments in the understanding of oropharyngeal and postingestional controls of meal size. Nutrition 15:32-9
Davis, J D; Smith, G P; Sayler, J L (1997) Reduction of intake in the rat due to gastric filling. Am J Physiol 272:R1599-605

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